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| Conventional Long Form: | Socialist Republic of Vietnam |
| Conventional Short Form: | Vietnam |
| Location: | Southeastern Asia |
| Capital City: | Hanoi |
| Government Type: | Parliamentary Democracy |
| Population: | 79,939,014 (July 2001 est.) (July 2001 est.) |
| Area [sq.km]: | 329,560 (slightly larger than New Mexico) |
| Currency: | Dong (VND) |
| Languages: | Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) |
| National Holiday: | Independence Day, 2 September (1945) |
| Background: | France occupied all of Vietnam by 1884. Independence was declared after World War II, but the French continued to rule until 1954 when they were defeated by communist forces under Ho Chi MINH, who took control of the north. US economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973. Two years later North Vietnamese forces overran the south. Economic reconstruction of the reunited country has proven difficult as aging Communist Party leaders have only grudgingly initiated reforms necessary for a free market. |
